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Article: The Neuroscience of Beauty: How Artists Create Happiness

The Neuroscience of Beauty: How Artists Create Happiness

The Neuroscience of Beauty: How Artists Create Happiness

For centuries, philosophers and artists have sought to define the nature of "beauty." Thinkers such as Plato and Kant conceptualized beauty as a transcendent idea or an aesthetic experience detached from personal desires. Today, however, a new understanding has emerged through the lens of neuro-esthetics: beauty might not merely be an abstract concept, but a physiological phenomenon. When a work of art is perceived as beautiful, it triggers specific neural mechanisms that generate positive emotions, including the release of dopamine and other neurotransmitters. If art can create "beauty," then it may also produce happiness, a concept deeply rooted in human biology.

Beauty: More Than a Simple Chemical Reaction

Neuro-esthetics, a field explored by researchers like neurologist Semir Zeki, suggests that the perception of beauty activates specific regions of the brain, such as the medial orbitofrontal cortex, which is associated with feelings of pleasure and reward. In Zeki's study The Experience of Mathematical Beauty and its Relation to Perception of Visual Beauty (2011), he demonstrates that the perception of beauty—whether mathematical or artistic—relies on similar neurological processes. This research establishes a direct link between exposure to beauty and the activation of the brain's reward system, involving dopamine alongside other neurotransmitters like serotonin and endorphins.

Thus, contemplating a painting, sculpture, or even a harmonious melody can activate these neural circuits, providing a sense of well-being. This notion helps explain why certain works of art provoke intense emotional and positive responses in viewers. Beauty, far from being mere abstraction, may be the key to triggering immediate pleasurable reactions in the human brain.

This leads to a central question that threads through art history: if creating beauty produces happiness, does the artist who chooses to create beauty become a "happiness maker"? And in our contemporary world, where art often grapples with complex social and political issues, what role does the pursuit of pure aesthetic pleasure play?

Artists as Happiness Makers: The Deliberate Pursuit of Beauty

Throughout art history, some artists have explicitly sought to capture "beauty," setting aside socio-political or narrative considerations to focus purely on aesthetic experience. The French painter Pierre Bonnard, with his paintings bathed in golden light and serene domestic scenes, seems to have deliberately oriented his work toward creating calm and peace in viewers. His work Dining Room in the Country (1913) invites contemplation of a world of tranquility, evoking feelings of comfort and serenity.

Yves Klein, with his obsession for monochrome and his famous International Klein Blue (IKB), aimed to reach a form of pure beauty, disconnected from figurative representation or messages. For Klein, color was the perfect medium to achieve a transcendent aesthetic experience, where beauty was perceived as a universal emotion. His Anthropometry series wasn't about the human form but about the pure experience of his signature blue.

Similarly, Henri Matisse often stated that color should be freed from its descriptive functions to become a language in itself. In works like The Parakeet and the Mermaid (1952-53), Matisse explores beauty in its purest form, with simple shapes and vivid colors creating a joyful and harmonious environment. Matisse himself claimed that his goal was to make art that would be "like a good armchair"—a refuge, a place of comfort for the soul.

Even in contemporary abstract art, this tradition continues. Artists like Sean Scully create works where color relationships and geometric forms exist purely to generate aesthetic pleasure and emotional resonance. His stripe paintings aren't about representing anything beyond the beauty of color interaction and compositional harmony.

For these artists, creating beauty is central to their practice. Their goal is not to represent complex realities but to evoke immediate positive emotions. They pursue aesthetic pleasure with the explicit intent of provoking pleasant reactions in their viewers—making them, in essence, happiness makers.

The Counter-Argument: Art Beyond Comfort

While the pursuit of beauty is a noble endeavor, it also has its critics. Many artists and critics argue that art should not be limited to producing pleasant emotions. Marcel Duchamp, with his famous Fountain (1917), rejected the idea that art had to be "beautiful" to be meaningful. For him, art should challenge conventions, defy expectations, and sometimes provoke discomfort. Duchamp sought to shift focus away from pure aesthetic contemplation to question the very nature of art itself.

Similarly, Francis Bacon, whose paintings explore the darkest and most troubling aspects of human experience, did not seek to create beauty but to expose the violence and pain of existence. His distorted portraits, such as his Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X series, do not aim to soothe but to confront viewers with the brutal reality of the human condition. For Bacon, art could not be reduced to visual pleasure; it had to confront the spectator with life's complexities.

Goya's Saturn Devouring His Son (1819-1823) explores the depths of terror, intentionally casting aside beauty to make room for an aesthetic of fear, confronting viewers with far more complex and unsettling emotions.

These examples show that art can—and often should—transcend mere aesthetic pleasure. Art can be a force for social commentary, a catalyst for reflection, or even a trigger for necessary discomfort. But this doesn't mean that beauty is obsolete in artistic practice.

Beauty as One Valid Path Among Many

Despite these critiques, the pursuit of beauty remains a perfectly valid artistic goal. Just as some artists choose to address political or social issues, others focus on creating beauty to produce positive emotions. The "beautiful" in art is not a lesser objective, but simply one choice among many legitimate approaches.

For example, Shepard Fairey, known for his Hope poster featuring Barack Obama, engages politically through his art. While visually striking, his work doesn't seek to be beautiful in the traditional sense; its primary goal is to transmit a strong political message.

On the other hand, artists like Claude Monet dedicated their lives to capturing the beauty of nature. His Water Lilies series explores light and color in ways that solely aim to evoke peace and tranquility. Far from being simplistic or commercial, Monet's quest to capture natural beauty is as profound an artistic endeavor as any politically engaged work.

Contemporary abstract artists continue this tradition. Mark Rothko's color field paintings, with their luminous, meditative qualities, were explicitly designed to create transcendent emotional experiences. Rothko famously said he was interested in "basic human emotions—tragedy, ecstasy, doom." His pursuit of beauty was deeply philosophical, aimed at touching the sublime.

Thus, the pursuit of beauty, though sometimes criticized as reductive, is an artistic path as legitimate as any other. Beauty in art can bring happiness, offer respite from the world's chaos, and create moments of pure contemplation.

The Neuroscience of Aesthetic Experience

Recent neuroscientific research supports the idea that beauty-focused art serves a genuine psychological function. Studies show that viewing aesthetically pleasing artworks can reduce cortisol levels (stress hormones), lower blood pressure, and increase feelings of well-being. The brain's response to beauty involves multiple systems: the reward system (dopamine), the emotional processing centers (limbic system), and areas associated with memory and meaning-making.

This suggests that artists who create beautiful works aren't just making "pretty pictures"—they're crafting experiences that can genuinely improve mental health and emotional well-being. In our increasingly stressful world, this function of art becomes particularly valuable.

Art as a Source of Happiness

Art focused on the pursuit of beauty—like the work of Matisse, Bonnard, Klein, or contemporary abstract artists exploring pure color and form—is neither reductive nor lacking in depth. These artists don't merely create "pleasant" works; they create emotional experiences that resonate deeply with viewers. Neuroesthetic research shows that these works directly affect our brains, releasing neurotransmitters associated with pleasure and reward.

In a contemporary context, where art can sometimes seem overly intellectual or conceptual, the quest for beauty reminds us that art can also simply be a source of happiness. While art can be subversive, provocative, or unsettling, it also has the capacity to bring joy, serenity, and peace.

The artists who choose this path—the happiness makers—understand that beauty is not superficial but profound. They recognize that in a world filled with complexity and often darkness, creating moments of pure aesthetic pleasure is not an escape from reality but a necessary complement to it.

Beauty, far from being merely a cultural construction or matter of taste, appears to be deeply rooted in our biology. In this sense, artists who choose to create beauty are not only creators of aesthetic experiences but, in a very real way, producers of happiness. They remind us that art's power lies not only in its ability to challenge and provoke but also in its capacity to heal, inspire, and bring joy to the human experience.

Contemporary Happiness Makers: IdeelArt's Pursuit of Beauty

By personal choice rather than strategic decision, IdeelArt's curation has always favored art that conveys positive emotions. Even artists in our collection who may have more conceptual approaches tend to create works that are, nonetheless, beautiful—a word we embrace despite its sometimes fraught reputation in the art world, especially among critics. This organic evolution of our curatorial vision has resulted in a remarkable collection of contemporary "happiness makers"—artists who dedicate their practice to the pursuit of beauty and the evocation of joy, serenity, and contemplation.

Among our extensive roster of artists, dozens embody this philosophy of creating art that serves as a source of happiness and aesthetic pleasure. Jessica Snow captures this beautifully when she says, "The colors and shapes of my work should hopefully make that person feel more at home in this world. If the painting succeeds in doing that, then I have accomplished something quite wonderful indeed." This sentiment resonates throughout our collection, from Daniela Schweinsberg's vibrant compositions with titles like "Berry Bliss" and "Feeling Light and Free," to Emma Godebska's meditative explorations of light in works such as "Spring Light" and "Soft Warmth," and Nikolaos Schizas's joyful celebrations of color in pieces like "Gratitude" and "If You Want To Be Happy, Be!"

These artists, along with many others in our collection, demonstrate that the pursuit of beauty in contemporary abstract art is neither superficial nor commercially driven, but rather a profound artistic endeavor that acknowledges art's capacity to heal, inspire, and bring joy to the human experience. Their works remind us that in our increasingly complex world, creating moments of pure aesthetic pleasure is not an escape from reality but a necessary complement to it.

The breadth of IdeelArt's collection of happiness makers extends far beyond what we can describe here. In the Related Artworks section below, you'll discover a rich panorama of contemporary artists whose creations contribute to this joyful and beautiful artistic tradition, each offering their unique interpretation of how art can serve as a source of happiness and make viewers feel more at home in the world.


by Francis Berthomier
It's NewIt's New
Laura Basterra Sanz
It's New
Painting
95.0 X 95.0 X 0.1 cm 37.4 X 37.4 X 0.0 inch Sale price£1,550.00
Untitled (Wind)Untitled (Wind)
Laura Basterra Sanz
Untitled (Wind)
Painting
50.0 X 40.0 X 0.1 cm 19.7 X 15.7 X 0.0 inch Sale price£800.00
Squirm 1Squirm 1
Leon Phillips
Squirm 1
Painting
75.0 X 104.2 X 0.1 cm 29.5 X 41.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£1,600.00
Squirm 2Squirm 2
Leon Phillips
Squirm 2
Painting
55.8 X 76.2 X 0.1 cm 22.0 X 30.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£850.00
Parallel AprilParallel April
Macha Poynder
Parallel April
Painting
164.0 X 159.0 X 0.1 cm 64.6 X 62.6 X 0.0 inch Sale price£7,700.00
Flower BeachFlower Beach
Macha Poynder
Flower Beach
Painting
165.0 X 150.0 X 0.1 cm 65.0 X 59.1 X 0.0 inch Sale price£7,500.00
Meeting Pleasure, Meeting PainMeeting Pleasure, Meeting Pain
Petra Schott
Meeting Pleasure, Meeting Pain
Painting
140.0 X 160.0 X 3.0 cm 55.1 X 63.0 X 1.2 inch Sale price£4,700.00
Longing For Paradise IVLonging For Paradise IV
Petra Schott
Longing For Paradise IV
Painting
170.0 X 180.0 X 3.0 cm 66.9 X 70.9 X 1.2 inch Sale price£6,400.00
Passion in motionPassion in motion
Nikolaos Schizas
Passion in motion
Painting
116.0 X 89.0 X 0.1 cm 45.7 X 35.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£2,550.00
TouchTouch
Nikolaos Schizas
Touch
Painting
130.0 X 110.0 X 0.1 cm 51.2 X 43.3 X 0.0 inch Sale price£3,400.00
ThresholdThreshold
Xanda McCagg
Threshold
Painting
139.7 X 101.6 X 0.1 cm 55.0 X 40.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£8,350.00
Perfect Coincidence 22Perfect Coincidence 22
Kyong Lee
Perfect Coincidence 22
Painting
27.2 X 19.0 X 0.0 cm 10.7 X 7.5 X 0.0 inch Sale price£750.00
Perfect Coincidence 16Perfect Coincidence 16
Kyong Lee
Perfect Coincidence 16
Painting
27.3 X 22.0 X 0.0 cm 10.7 X 8.7 X 0.0 inch Sale price£750.00
#1691#1691
Arvid Boecker
#1691
Painting
80.0 X 60.0 X 6.0 cm 31.5 X 23.6 X 2.4 inch Sale price£4,500.00
Drama QueenDrama Queen
Daniela Schweinsberg
Drama Queen
Painting
160.0 X 140.0 X 0.1 cm 63.0 X 55.1 X 0.0 inch Sale price£6,000.00
Pink Is The New Black IVPink Is The New Black IV
Daniela Schweinsberg
Pink Is The New Black IV
Painting
200.0 X 160.0 X 0.1 cm 78.7 X 63.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£6,700.00
CloudsClouds
Gudrun Mertes-Frady
Clouds
Painting
48.2 X 60.9 X 0.1 cm 19.0 X 24.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£1,350.00
Jardin Sur L'eauJardin Sur L'eau
Marie de Lignerolles
Jardin Sur L'eau
Painting
39.0 X 30.0 X 0.1 cm 15.4 X 11.8 X 0.0 inch Sale price£800.00
Ilot 12Ilot 12
Marie de Lignerolles
Ilot 12
Painting
24.0 X 18.0 X 0.1 cm 9.4 X 7.1 X 0.0 inch Sale price£600.00
TagesanbruchTagesanbruch
Andreas Durrer
Tagesanbruch
Painting
61.2 X 61.2 X 3.0 cm 24.1 X 24.1 X 1.2 inch Sale price£1,400.00
Milder FrühlingMilder Frühling
Andreas Durrer
Milder Frühling
Painting
131.2 X 131.2 X 3.0 cm 51.7 X 51.7 X 1.2 inch Sale price£4,050.00
CursiveCursive
Anne Russinof
Cursive
Painting
50.8 X 50.8 X 0.0 cm 20.0 X 20.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£2,700.00
New SohoNew Soho
Adrienn Krahl
New Soho
Painting
155.0 X 126.0 X 0.1 cm 61.0 X 49.6 X 0.0 inch Sale price£4,450.00
Ocean viewOcean view
Adrienn Krahl
Ocean view
Painting
49.6 X 42.9 X 0.1 cm 19.5 X 16.9 X 0.0 inch Sale price£3,250.00
P19.2024P19.2024
Antony Densham
P19.2024
Painting
40.0 X 30.0 X 0.1 cm 15.7 X 11.8 X 0.0 inch Sale price£800.00
P51.2020P51.2020
Antony Densham
P51.2020
Painting
40.0 X 30.0 X 0.1 cm 15.7 X 11.8 X 0.0 inch Sale price£800.00
Color of Place.ThailandColor of Place.Thailand
Debra Ramsay
Color of Place.Thailand
Painting
48.3 X 30.5 X 0.6 cm 19.0 X 12.0 X 0.2 inch Sale price£1,400.00
Every RungEvery Rung
Emily Berger
Every Rung
Painting
35.6 X 27.9 X 0.0 cm 14.0 X 11.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£1,500.00
Odds 5Odds 5
Emma Godebska
Odds 5
Painting
40.0 X 30.0 X 0.1 cm 15.7 X 11.8 X 0.0 inch Sale price£660.00
CompanionCompanion
Gina Werfel
Companion
Painting
30.5 X 30.5 X 0.1 cm 12.0 X 12.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£850.00
EM 2 L'A - Suite 03 P40EM 2 L'A - Suite 03 P40
Guillaume Moschini
EM 2 L'A - Suite 03 P40
Painting
100.0 X 73.0 X 2.0 cm 39.4 X 28.7 X 0.8 inch Sale price£3,100.00
OndulationOndulation
Guillaume Moschini
Ondulation
Painting
162.0 X 130.0 X 2.5 cm 63.8 X 51.2 X 1.0 inch Sale price£7,600.00
Bend 14Bend 14
Holly Miller
Bend 14
Painting
122.0 X 122.0 X 0.0 cm 48.0 X 48.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£5,550.00
Shield #2Shield #2
Holly Miller
Shield #2
Painting
25.4 X 25.4 X 0.0 cm 10.0 X 10.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£1,500.00
Ambient GreyAmbient Grey
Janise Yntema
Ambient Grey
Painting
81.0 X 81.0 X 0.0 cm 31.9 X 31.9 X 0.0 inch Sale price£5,000.00
LucerneLucerne
Janise Yntema
Lucerne
Painting
60.0 X 60.0 X 0.0 cm 23.6 X 23.6 X 0.0 inch Sale price£4,850.00
P1.15P1.15
Jean Feinberg
P1.15
Painting
32.4 X 33.1 X 0.0 cm 12.8 X 13.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£1,200.00
Flow in the Ever Present 6Flow in the Ever Present 6
Jessica Snow
Flow in the Ever Present 6
Painting
147.3 X 157.5 X 0.0 cm 58.0 X 62.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£9,000.00
Confluence - Still Life 1Confluence - Still Life 1
Jessica Snow
Confluence - Still Life 1
Painting
147.3 X 157.5 X 0.0 cm 58.0 X 62.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£9,000.00
Arietta 6Arietta 6
Margaret Neill
Arietta 6
Painting
76.2 X 101.6 X 0.1 cm 30.0 X 40.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£2,600.00
Ambassade 44Ambassade 44
Melissa Meyer
Ambassade 44
Painting
50.8 X 81.3 X 0.0 cm 20.0 X 32.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£4,700.00
Ambassade 47Ambassade 47
Melissa Meyer
Ambassade 47
Painting
50.8 X 81.3 X 0.0 cm 20.0 X 32.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£4,700.00
Cut-Up Paper 2005Cut-Up Paper 2005
Ulla Pedersen
Cut-Up Paper 2005
Painting
30.0 X 30.0 X 0.0 cm 11.8 X 11.8 X 0.0 inch Sale price£550.00
Covers 13 - Purple ACovers 13 - Purple A
Joanne Freeman
Covers 13 - Purple A
Painting
33.0 X 33.0 X 0.0 cm 13.0 X 13.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£1,350.00
Covers 13 Red 2Covers 13 Red 2
Joanne Freeman
Covers 13 Red 2
Painting
33.0 X 33.0 X 0.1 cm 13.0 X 13.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£1,350.00
City moves ICity moves I
Gudrun Mertes-Frady
City moves I
Painting
55.8 X 76.2 X 0.1 cm 22.0 X 30.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£1,450.00
Adjacent 7Adjacent 7
Xanda McCagg
Adjacent 7
Drawing
40.6 X 30.5 X 0.0 cm 16.0 X 12.0 X 0.0 inch Sale price£800.00

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